The Arriaga paper had 17 operating-room teams participate in 106 simulated surgical-crisis scenarios. Each team was randomly assigned to work with or without a checklist and instructed to implement the critical processes of care.The results were striking; checklist availability reduced missed steps on the processes of care from 23% to 6% (See graph, CI bars indicate 95% confidence). Every team performed better when checklists were available. Remarkably, “97% of the participants reported that if one of these crises occurred while they were undergoing an operation, they would want the checklist used.”